Posts Tagged research

Counting Ants? Pretty close!

Well, not quite. NPR has a story about research done at the University of Ulm about desert ants. Scent trails do not work in the desert, so the scientists hypothesized that ants kept track of how many steps away from the nest they were.

The experiment is the coolest part of this entire thing – they set a whole group of ants loose from the nest and they all found the food. Then, the ants got split up into three groups: one group was allowed to return to the nest normally, one group got tiny little stilts attached to their legs (go figure!), and one group got their legs cut off at the knees (not as fun).

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The result of this is that if ants do remember how many steps they’ve taken, those with longer legs will take longer strides and walk right past their nest, and those with shorter legs will stop short of the nest.

And guess what? That’s exactly what happened. The experiment is ingenious, the hypothesis was simple, and the results confirmed what the researchers thought. Great science.

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Suggestions made to the right ear are more likely to be followed

Generally speaking, the left side of the brain processes language and is more logical, whereas the right side of the brain is more impulsive and creative. In the laboratory, it has been shown that when subjects are given verbal streams in the left and right ear, the stream in the right ear tends to take precedence – presumably demonstrating the preference for the language processing in the left hemisphere (which is where right ear auditory input goes for processing). However, laboratory conditions are rarely representative of the real world.

A group of Italian scientists, however, took this research into the real world.

You’re in a loud and sweaty Italian dance club when a woman approaches you. To be heard over the techno, she leans in close and yells into your ear, “Hai una sigaretta?”

If she spoke into your right ear, you would be twice as likely to give her a cigarette than if she asked by your left ear, according to a new study that employed this methodology in the clubs of Pescara, Italy. Of 88 clubbers who were approached on the right, 34 let the researcher bum a smoke, compared with 17 of 88 whom she approached on the left.

“The present work is one of the few studies demonstrating the natural expression of hemispheric asymmetries, showing their effect in everyday human behavior,” write psychologists Daniele Marzoli and Luca Tommasi of the University G. d’Annunzio in Italy in the journal Naturwissenschaften.

So now we know – not just in the lab, but in a nightclub! The right ear is more open to processing speech, so for something like a request, it is the ear to use.

Link to article in Wired Science

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Need to increase your visual processing ability? Try Buddhist Deity Meditation!

One of our own (a professor in the Human Factors and Cognition program here at Mason) has a first-author article coming out in Psychological Science, one of the premiere journals of psychology. Maria Kozhevnikov was also featured in the newsletter This Week in Psychological Science announcing her work. The article? It’s pretty cool!

The Enhancement of Visuospatial Processing Efficiency Through Buddhist Deity Meditation

ABSTRACT—This study examined the effects of meditation on mental imagery, evaluating Buddhist monks’ reports concerning their extraordinary imagery skills. Practitioners of Buddhist meditation were divided into two groups according to their preferred meditation style: Deity Yoga (focused attention on an internal visual image) or Open Presence (evenly distributed attention, not directed to any particular object). Both groups of meditators completed computerized mental-imagery tasks before and after meditation. Their performance was compared with that of control groups, who either rested or performed other visuospatial tasks between testing sessions. The results indicate that all the groups performed at the same baseline level, but after meditation, Deity Yoga practitioners demonstrated a dramatic increase in performance on imagery tasks compared with the other groups. The results suggest that Deity meditation specifically trains one’s capacity to access heightened visuospatial processing resources, rather than generally improving visuospatial imagery abilities.

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Here is an early view that hopefully everyone can access.

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Simple surgical checklist boosts memory and saves lives

Simple and easy solutions that can save billions of dollars. From The Washington Post, an article entitled Surgery Checklist Lowers Death Rate:

Surgeons, it seems, are discovering what airline pilots learned decades ago: The human brain can’t remember everything, so it’s best to focus on the complicated challenges and leave the simple reminders to a cheat sheet.

“You take something as complex as surgery, and you think there isn’t a lot that can be done to make it better,” said Atul Gawande, a Boston physician who led the study being published in the New England Journal of Medicine. “A checklist seems like a no-brainer, but the size of the benefit is dramatic.”

The low-cost, low-tech intervention tested in eight hospitals around the globe could have enormous financial implications, as well. If every operating room in the United States adopted the surgical checklist, the nation could save between $15 billion and $25 billion a year on the costs of treating avoidable complications, according to calculations by the authors.

A simple understanding that human memory cannot remember everything leads to writing it down, and that leads to saving lives. Human Factors: That Was Easy.

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DARPA: Cognitive Computing Collaboration

DARPA is funding an initiative to simulate the brain. Sounds like a been-there, done-that initiative, but with each generation of technology and the explosion of neuroscience research, now is a good time to try again.

Also, one of the faculty members on the grant is Dr. Chris Kello, who was a professor at George Mason University until this academic year. He’s now at the University of California, Merced. Congrats to him!


SAN JOSE, CA, Nov 20, 2008 — In an unprecedented undertaking, IBM Research and five leading universities are partnering to create computing systems that are expected to simulate and emulate the brain’s abilities for sensation, perception, action, interaction and cognition while rivaling its low power consumption and compact size.

Press Release

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